Nanomedicine refers to the medical application of nanotechnology. Among others, one research area of nanomedicine deals with the development of drug delivery systems for therapeutic agents using nanoparticles with diameters between 1-1000 nm. These nanoparticles are designed to improve the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of therapeutics and to provide the possibility of delivering the drugs to specific cells or tissues. Lipid-based nanoparticles are most commonly used. Their modular structure (lipid composition, payload, and targeting ligands) enable a customized adaption of properties resulting in specific nanocarriers for a variety of diseases.